Toothache is one of the most unpleasant and uncomfortable symptoms a person can experience. It can vary from mild discomfort to intense, excruciating pain that interferes with daily activities. There are many causes of toothache, and recognizing them can help you avoid serious problems in the future. In this article, we have gathered six leading causes of toothache, each of which requires attention.
1. Tooth decay
Tooth decay is one of the most common causes of toothache. It occurs when bacteria in the mouth release acids that destroy tooth enamel, causing cavities. At first, these holes may be small and painless, but the pain becomes more intense as tooth decay progresses. If left untreated, tooth decay can reach the tooth's pulp, which contains the nerves and blood vessels, causing severe pain and requiring further treatment such as a filling or even tooth extraction. If you suspect tooth decay, you can search for a "dentist near me" to evaluate your condition and undergo proper treatment.
2. Tooth sensitivity
Tooth sensitivity develops when tooth enamel thins, exposing dentin, the layer of the tooth that contains microscopic canals that lead to nerves. When hot, cold, sour, or sweet foods and drinks hit these nerves, they can cause sharp, temporary pain. Causes of hypersensitivity can range from improper cleaning techniques to consumption of acidic foods and beverages. Treatment includes the use of toothpaste for sensitive teeth, fluoride treatment, and, in some cases, the application of a special coating on the teeth that protects the dentin.
3. Abscess
A dental abscess is a collection of pus caused by a bacterial infection. An abscess can form in different parts of the tooth and gum, but it most often forms near the root of the tooth or in the space between the tooth and the gum. Symptoms of an abscess include severe pain, swollen gums, bad breath, and fever. An abscess requires immediate treatment because the infection can spread to other body parts and cause serious complications. Treatment includes drainage of the abscess, use of antibiotics, and, in some cases, removal of the affected tooth.
4. Tooth injury
A tooth injury, such as a broken or chipped tooth, can cause severe pain. Even a small crack can expose nerve endings, causing sensitivity and pain. Injury can occur from accident, such as being hit in the tooth, or from ordinary misuse, such as teeth grinding (bruxism). Treatment for injured teeth depends on the extent of the damage and may include replacements, crowns, or even extraction of the tooth if the damage is too severe.
5. Periodontitis
Periodontitis is an inflammation of the tissues around the teeth, usually caused by untreated gingivitis. Periodontal disease destroys gums and bone tissue that supports the tooth. This can cause toothache, especially when chewing, as well as loose tooth and tooth loss. Treatment of periodontal disease includes the removal of plaque and calculus, the use of antibacterial medications, and surgical methods to restore damaged tissue.
6. Wisdom teeth eruption
Wisdom teeth or third molars usually appear between the ages of 17 and 25. Their eruption is often accompanied by pain because the teeth are not growing properly, press on neighboring teeth, or cause gum swelling. In some cases, wisdom teeth can be completely or partially embedded in the gums or bone, which also causes pain and requires surgery. If your wisdom teeth are causing significant discomfort or other complications, your dentist may recommend removing them.
The bottom line
Toothache is a serious physical signal that pathological processes occur in the oral cavity. You shouldn’t ignore the pain or try to eliminate the symptoms yourself without understanding the causes. A timely visit to the dentist and the necessary medical procedures can prevent the development of more serious complications and maintain dental health for many years. Knowing the root causes of toothache and understanding the importance of prevention are key steps to a healthy, pain-free smile.